TOTAL PHYSICAL RESPONSE: THEORETICAL FRAMEWORKS AND GENERAL PRINCIPLES
Pregledni naučni rad
Apstrakt
Ovaj rad se bavi jednim od metoda u nastavi stranih jezika koji se zove totalni fizički odgovor i čiji se principi i postulati uklapaju u neurolingvistička saznanja i prirodni tok usvajanja maternjeg jezika. U radu ćemo objasniti i ilustrovati neurolin-gvistički okvir na kome se ovaj metod zasniva, tačnije pokazujemo kako se usvajanje maternjeg jezika odražava u ustrojstvu i organizaciji totalnog fizičkog odgovora. Na-stavnik koristi imperative i pokrete tela da bi pokazao značenje određenih predmeta i radnji, a učenici ponavljaju pokrete i slušaju reči na stranom jeziku, što je proces sličan usvajanju maternjeg jezika, kad dete posmatra roditelje dok govore i rade nešto. U radu takođe objašnjavamo ulogu leve i desne hemisfere mozga u procesu usvajanja stranog jezika i pravimo razliku između totalnog fizičkog odgovora i drugih pristupa, koja se odražava u tome da totalni fizički odgovor više aktivira desnu hemisferu koja pokreće kreativne fizičke aktivnosti, te se na taj način izbegava istovremena recepcija i produkcija stranog jezika, što je slučaj kad se aktivira leva hemisfera. Osim toga, u radu izlažemo osnovne principe na kojima se ovaj metod zasniva i elaboriramo ih, te navodimo tipove metoda totalnog fizičkog odgovora, koji zavise od materijala koji se koriste (slike, priče, itd.). Na kraju sem prednosti ovog metoda predstavljamo i njegove nedostatke, koji se uglavnom odnose na opseg jezičkih struktura koje se kroz njega mogu naučiti, nemogućnost podučavanja apstrakcija i ograničenja u nivou zna-nja učenika.
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