PRISTUPAČNOST VEB SAJTA FAKULTETA – SMERNICE, TEHNIKE VREDNOVANJA I MOGUĆNOSTI UNAPREĐENJA
Originalni naučni rad
Ključne reči:
kvalitet, pristupačnost veb sajta, automatizacija vrednovanja, visoko obrazovanje, standardi
Apstrakt
U ovom radu razmatran je koncept, osnovne karakteristike, zahtevi i standardi pristupačnosti veb sajtova, sa posebnim osvrtom na smernice za kvalitet veb sajtova visokoobrazovnih institucija. Dat je kratak pregled prethodnih istraživanja koja se odnose na metode, primenu alata i rezultate evaluacije veb sajtova obrazovnih institucija, a posebno fakulteta i univerziteta. Analizom prethodnih istraživanja utvrđena je veoma velika aktuelnost teme, trend ka automatizaciji procesa vrednovanja, kao i nepovoljni rezultati stanja pristupačnosti veb sajtova fakulteta u različitim zemljama u okviru evaluacija koje su rađene prema WCAG smernicama. Prikazana su dva primera dostupnih softverskih alata TAW i eXaminator, koji se koriste za automatsku evaluaciju pristupačnosti veb sajtova u odnosu na WCAG 2.0 (Web Content Accessibility Guidelines). Primenom alata TAW realizovano je empirijsko istraživanje automatskog vrednovanja starog i novog veb sajta Tehničkog fakulteta „Mihajlo Pupin“ Zrenjanin. Pored toga, na osnovu WCAG 2.0 smernica, kreiran je evaluacioni model za manuelno vrednovanje pristupačnosti. Empirijskim istraživanjem u ovom radu utvrđena je primenjivost dostupnog evaluacionog softverskog alata TAW, ali i predloženog evaluacionog modela za manuelno vrednovanje. Automatska i manuelna evaluacija su tokom primene dali dijametralno suprotne rezultate u komparaciji starog i novog veb sajta fakulteta. Ovaj rad daje primer primene softverskih alata i metoda za vrednovanje pristupačnosti veb sajtova. Takođe, predstavlja podsticaj da se prilikom izrade novih ili unapređenja postojećih veb sajtova obrazovnih institucija posebno obrati pažnja na kvalitet u aspektu pristupačnosti.
Reference
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Baule S.M. (2020). Evaluating the Accessibility of Special Education Cooperative Websites for Individuals with Disabilities. Tech Trends, volume 64, pages 50–56.
Baroudi M, Alia M, Marashdih A.W. (2020). Evaluation of Accessibility and Usability of Higher Education Institutions’ Websites of Jordan. 11th International Conference on Information and Communication Systems (ICICS). 07-09 April 2020, Irbid, Jordan.
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Kimmons R (2017). Open to all? Nationwide evaluation of high-priority web accessibility considerations among higher education websites. Journal of Computing in Higher Education volume 29, pages 434–450.
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Ministarstvo državne uprave i lokalne samouprave Republike Srbije, Direkcija za elektronsku upravu (2014), Smernice za izradu veb prezentacija organa državne uprave, organa teritorijalne autonomije i jedinica lokalne samouprave v 5.0, https://arhiva.ite.gov.rs/doc/Smernice_5_0.pdf
Ortner D, Miesenberger K (2005). Improving Web accessibility by providing higher education facilities for Web designers and Web developers following the design for all approach. 16th International Workshop on Database and Expert Systems Applications (DEXA'05), 22-26 August 2005.
Seetha J, Ayyadurai M (2022). Performance evaluation of accessibility checker tool for educational websites. Concurrency and Computation, Practice and Experience, Willey. https://doi.org/10.1002/cpe.7237
Sun Z. i Zhang J (2009). On Accessibility of Concept, Principle and Model of Educational Web Sites Design. International Conference on New Trends in Information and Service Science, 30 June 2009 - 02 July 2009, Beijing, China, DOI: 10.1109/NISS.2009.48
TAW alat za automatsko vrednovanje pristupačnosti veb sajta, www.tawdis.net
Thompson T, Burgstahler S i Moore E. J (2010). Web accessibility: A longitudinal study of college and university home pages in the northwestern United States. Disability and Rehabilitation: Assistive Technology.Volume 5, 2010 - Issue 2: Educational Accessibility.
UNESCO, "World Open Educational Resources Congress," Jun 2012.
http://www.unesco.org/new/fileadmin/MULTIMEDIA/HQ/CI/CI/pdf/Events/Paris%20OER%20Declaration_01.pdf.
Word Wide Web Consortium. Introduction to Web Accessibility,
https://www.w3.org/WAI/fundamentals/accessibility-intro/
W3C, How to meet WCAG, https://www.w3.org/WAI/WCAG21/quickref/
WCAG 3.0 radna verzija, https://www.w3.org/WAI/standards-guidelines/wcag/wcag3-intro/
Yu H (2002). Web accessibility and the law: recommendations for implementation. Library Hi Tech. ISSN: 0737-8831.
Yuen, S.C.Y. & Yuen, P. (2005). Designing Accessible Educational Web Sites. In C. Crawford, R. Carlsen, I. Gibson, K. McFerrin, J. Price, R. Weber & D. Willis (Eds.), Proceedings of SITE 2005--Society for Information Technology & Teacher Education International Conference (pp. 787-793).
Phoenix, AZ, USA: Association for the Advancement of Computing in Education (AACE). Retrieved October 21, 2023 from https://www.learntechlib.org/primary/p/19108/.
Zarish S.S, Habib S. i Islam M (2019): Analyzing Usability of Educational Websites Using Automated Tools. International Conference on Computer and Information Sciences (ICCIS), 03-04 April 2019, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia, DOI: 10.1109/ICCISci.2019.8716462
Alhadreti O (2023). Accessibility, performance and engagement evaluation of Saudi higher education websites: a comparative study of state and private institutions. Universal Access in the Information Society.
AlMeraj Z, Boujarwah F, Alhuwail D i Qadri R (2021). Evaluating the Accessibility of Higher Education Institution Websites in the State of Kuwait: Empirical Evidence. Universal Access in the Information Society, volume 20, pages 121–138.
Baule S.M. (2020). Evaluating the Accessibility of Special Education Cooperative Websites for Individuals with Disabilities. Tech Trends, volume 64, pages 50–56.
Baroudi M, Alia M, Marashdih A.W. (2020). Evaluation of Accessibility and Usability of Higher Education Institutions’ Websites of Jordan. 11th International Conference on Information and Communication Systems (ICICS). 07-09 April 2020, Irbid, Jordan.
Campoverde-Molina M, Luján-Mora S i Valverde L (2023). Accessibility of university websites worldwide: a systematic literature review. Universal Access in the Information Society volume 22, pages 133–168.
Debevc, M., Kožuh, I., Hauptman, S., Klembas, A., Lapuh, J.B., Holzinger, A. (2015). Using WCAG 2.0 and Heuristic Evaluation to Evaluate Accessibility in Educational Web Based Pages. In: Uden, L., Liberona, D., Welzer, T. (eds) Learning Technology for Education in Cloud. LTEC 2015. Communications in Computer and Information Science, vol 533. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-22629-3_16
Direktive za pristupačnost sajtova i mobilnih aplikacija u javnom sektoru Evropske unije, https://data.consilium.europa.eu/doc/document/ST-9389-2016-REV-1/en/pdf
Examinator, alat za vrednovanje pristupačnosti veb sajtova, examinator.net
Freire A.P (2007).Using screen readers to reinforce web accessibility education. ACM SIGCSE Bulletin, Volume 39, Issue 3, September 2007, pp 82–86, https://doi.org/10.1145/1269900.1268810
Hammad M, Alnabhan M, Doush I.A.A, Alsalem G.M., Al-Alem F.A. i Al-awadi MM (2020). Evaluating Usability and Content Accessibility for e-Learning Websites in the Middle East. International Journal of Technology and Human Interaction (IJTHI) 16(1).
Harper K.A i DeWaters J (2008). A Quest for website accessibility in higher education institutions. The Internet and Higher Education. Volume 11, Issues 3–4, 2008, Pages 160-164. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iheduc.2008.06.007
Hartsell T (2008). Educational Accessibility to Technology. Encyclopedia of Information Technology Curriculum Integration. DOI: 10.4018/978-1-59904-881-9.ch044
Ismailova R, Inal Y(2018). Accessibility evaluation of top university websites: a comparative study of Kyrgyzstan, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan and Turkey. Universal Access in the Information Society, volume 17, pages 437–445.
Johnson R, Hegarty J.R (2003). Websites as educational motivators for adults with learning disability. British Journal of Educational Technology. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8535.00344
Kimmons R (2017). Open to all? Nationwide evaluation of high-priority web accessibility considerations among higher education websites. Journal of Computing in Higher Education volume 29, pages 434–450.
Navarette R. i Lujan-Mora. S (2013). Accessibility considerations in learning objects and open educational resources. Proceedings of ICERI2013 conference, 18-20 November 2013, Seville, Spain
Navarette R. i Lujan-Mora. S (2015). Evaluating Accessibility of Open Educational Resources Websites with a Heuristic Method. 9th International Technology, Education and Development Conference INTED2015, 2-4 March, 2015, Madrid, Spain. Pages: 6402-6412, ISBN: 978-84-606-5763-7.
Nir H.L i Rimmerman A (2018). Evaluation of Web content accessibility in an Israeli institution of higher education. Universal Access in the Information Society, Volume 17, pages 663–673.
Ministarstvo državne uprave i lokalne samouprave Republike Srbije, Direkcija za elektronsku upravu (2014), Smernice za izradu veb prezentacija organa državne uprave, organa teritorijalne autonomije i jedinica lokalne samouprave v 5.0, https://arhiva.ite.gov.rs/doc/Smernice_5_0.pdf
Ortner D, Miesenberger K (2005). Improving Web accessibility by providing higher education facilities for Web designers and Web developers following the design for all approach. 16th International Workshop on Database and Expert Systems Applications (DEXA'05), 22-26 August 2005.
Seetha J, Ayyadurai M (2022). Performance evaluation of accessibility checker tool for educational websites. Concurrency and Computation, Practice and Experience, Willey. https://doi.org/10.1002/cpe.7237
Sun Z. i Zhang J (2009). On Accessibility of Concept, Principle and Model of Educational Web Sites Design. International Conference on New Trends in Information and Service Science, 30 June 2009 - 02 July 2009, Beijing, China, DOI: 10.1109/NISS.2009.48
TAW alat za automatsko vrednovanje pristupačnosti veb sajta, www.tawdis.net
Thompson T, Burgstahler S i Moore E. J (2010). Web accessibility: A longitudinal study of college and university home pages in the northwestern United States. Disability and Rehabilitation: Assistive Technology.Volume 5, 2010 - Issue 2: Educational Accessibility.
UNESCO, "World Open Educational Resources Congress," Jun 2012.
http://www.unesco.org/new/fileadmin/MULTIMEDIA/HQ/CI/CI/pdf/Events/Paris%20OER%20Declaration_01.pdf.
Word Wide Web Consortium. Introduction to Web Accessibility,
https://www.w3.org/WAI/fundamentals/accessibility-intro/
W3C, How to meet WCAG, https://www.w3.org/WAI/WCAG21/quickref/
WCAG 3.0 radna verzija, https://www.w3.org/WAI/standards-guidelines/wcag/wcag3-intro/
Yu H (2002). Web accessibility and the law: recommendations for implementation. Library Hi Tech. ISSN: 0737-8831.
Yuen, S.C.Y. & Yuen, P. (2005). Designing Accessible Educational Web Sites. In C. Crawford, R. Carlsen, I. Gibson, K. McFerrin, J. Price, R. Weber & D. Willis (Eds.), Proceedings of SITE 2005--Society for Information Technology & Teacher Education International Conference (pp. 787-793).
Phoenix, AZ, USA: Association for the Advancement of Computing in Education (AACE). Retrieved October 21, 2023 from https://www.learntechlib.org/primary/p/19108/.
Zarish S.S, Habib S. i Islam M (2019): Analyzing Usability of Educational Websites Using Automated Tools. International Conference on Computer and Information Sciences (ICCIS), 03-04 April 2019, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia, DOI: 10.1109/ICCISci.2019.8716462
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